Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)

Introduction

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is a small-vessel vasculitis characterized by non-blanching purpura, arthralgia, abdominal pain, and renal involvement. It commonly occurs in children and can be precipitated by upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs).

Clinical Presentation

1. Non-blanching purpura mainly located on the buttocks and lower limbs.

2. Joint pain (arthralgia)

3. Abdominal pain

4. Renal involvement, which can manifest as haematuria and proteinuria.

Risk Factors

. Recent upper respiratory tract infection, commonly presenting as a sore throat.

. Children are more frequently affected than adults.

. Seasonal patterns, often occurring in the fall and winter.

. Family history of autoimmune diseases or vasculitis

Investigations

i. Normal haemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelet counts

ii. Elevated ESR, IgA, and creatinine may be observed.

iii. Urinalysis may show haematuria or proteinuria.

Management (Not important for this exam)

1. Management usually involves symptomatic treatment and monitoring.

2. Oral corticosteroids may be prescribed for severe symptoms or complications.

Further Reading: Henoch-Schonlein Purpura