| System | Features |
|---|---|
| General | Fatigue, fever, lymphadenopathy, remitting and relapsing illness |
| Skin | Malar (butterfly) rash sparing the nasolabial folds, discoid rash (scaly, erythematous, well-demarcated), photosensitivity, Raynaud’s phenomenon |
| Musculoskeletal | Arthralgia, non-erosive arthritis |
| Cardiovascular | Pericarditis (most common cardiac manifestation), myocarditis |
| Respiratory | Pleurisy, fibrosing alveolitis |
| Renal | Proteinuria, glomerulonephritis (diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis is the most common type) |
| Neuropsychiatric | Anxiety, depression, psychosis, seizures |
| Mouth | Large, multiple, painful mouth ulcers |
| Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) | Most sensitive test for SLE |
| Anti-dsDNA | Most specific test for SLE |
| Anti-histone antibodies | Indicates drug-induced lupus |
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