| Feature | Urge Incontinence | Stress Incontinence |
| Definition | Involuntary leakage of urine accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency. | Involuntary leakage of urine during physical activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing. |
| Cause | Overactive bladder muscle (detrusor muscle hyperactivity). | Weakness of the pelvic floor muscles or urethral sphincter deficiency. |
| Symptoms | Sudden and intense urge to urinate, followed by involuntary leakage. | Leakage occurs with exertion, such as during exercise or when lifting heavy objects. |
| Risk Factors | Neurological disorders, aging, bladder irritants (caffeine, alcohol). | Multiple vaginal deliveries, pelvic surgery, menopause, obesity. |
| Initial Treatment | Bladder retraining (gradually increasing time between voiding). | Pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel exercises) for at least three months. |
| Medications | Antimuscarinic drugs (e.g., oxybutynin). | Duloxetine (if surgery is not an option). |
| Surgical Options | Botulinum toxin injections or sacral nerve stimulation (if severe and not responsive to other treatments). | Mid-urethral sling surgery (tension-free vaginal tape). |
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