Feature	Urge Incontinence	Stress Incontinence
Definition	Involuntary leakage of urine accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency.	Involuntary leakage of urine during physical activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing.
Cause	Overactive bladder muscle (detrusor muscle hyperactivity).	Weakness of the pelvic floor muscles or urethral sphincter deficiency.
Symptoms	Sudden and intense urge to urinate, followed by involuntary leakage.	Leakage occurs with exertion, such as during exercise or when lifting heavy objects.
Risk Factors	Neurological disorders, aging, bladder irritants (caffeine, alcohol).	Multiple vaginal deliveries, pelvic surgery, menopause, obesity.
Initial Treatment	Bladder retraining (gradually increasing time between voiding).	Pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel exercises) for at least three months.
Medications	Antimuscarinic drugs (e.g., oxybutynin).	Duloxetine (if surgery is not an option).
Surgical Options	Botulinum toxin injections or sacral nerve stimulation (if severe and not responsive to other treatments).	Mid-urethral sling surgery (tension-free vaginal tape).